Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM), also known as type 2 diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting from the body's insufficient response to insulin or its improper utilization. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate glucose (sugar) levels in the blood.
In NIDDM, either the body does not produce enough insulin, or the insulin produced is not effectively utilized by the cells, leading to a condition called insulin resistance. This results in elevated levels of glucose in the bloodstream, as the cells are unable to absorb and utilize it properly.
Risk factors for NIDDM include obesity, sedentary lifestyle, family history of diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain ethnic backgrounds such as African, Asian, or Hispanic descent.
Symptoms of NIDDM include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, slow healing of wounds, and frequent infections. However, some individuals with NIDDM may not exhibit any symptoms initially.
Treatment for NIDDM typically involves lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management, and monitoring blood sugar levels. Medications, including oral antidiabetic drugs, may also be prescribed to enhance insulin sensitivity or stimulate insulin production.
If left uncontrolled, NIDDM can lead to serious complications such as cardiovascular diseases, kidney damage, nerve damage, eye problems, and increased risk of infections. Therefore, proper management and regular monitoring of blood sugar levels are crucial for individuals with NIDDM to maintain optimal health and prevent long-term complications.
