Non-epileptic convulsions, also known as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures or dissociative seizures, refers to a condition characterized by sudden, involuntary, and uncontrolled movements and behaviors that resemble epileptic convulsions but are not caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
These convulsions are classified as psychogenic because they are considered to be a manifestation of underlying psychological distress or trauma rather than a neurological disorder. They are typically triggered by emotional or psychological stressors, such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, or other unresolved psychological conflicts.
Non-epileptic convulsions can vary in presentation and severity. Some individuals may experience full convulsions, including loss of consciousness, limb thrashing, and convulsive movements, while others may exhibit more subtle symptoms, such as twitching, staring, or temporary paralysis. These episodes can last from a few seconds to several minutes and can occur sporadically or in clusters over time.
Diagnosing non-epileptic convulsions can be challenging, as they do not show abnormalities in standard electroencephalogram (EEG) tests that are typically used to detect epileptic activity. Instead, diagnosis is often confirmed through video-electroencephalogram (vEEG) monitoring, during which the convulsions are recorded on video along with simultaneous EEG monitoring.
Treatment for non-epileptic convulsions typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, which may include psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication for underlying psychiatric conditions, stress management techniques, and education about the condition. The aim of treatment is to address the psychological factors contributing to the seizures and improve the individual's overall well-being.
