Nitrofurantoin sodium salt is a chemical compound that falls under the category of nitrofuran antibiotics. It is commonly used as an antimicrobial agent, specifically for the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria.
The sodium salt form of nitrofurantoin is a crystalline powder that dissolves readily in water. It is administered orally as a medication and absorbs rapidly in the gastrointestinal tract. Once in the body, it is quickly converted into its active form, nitrofurantoin, which exerts its bactericidal effects by interfering with the synthesis of bacterial DNA, RNA, proteins, and cell walls.
Nitrofurantoin sodium salt is primarily effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and some strains of Streptococcus and Enterococcus. It works by inhibiting the enzymes crucial for bacterial growth and replication.
This medication is predominantly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections, including cystitis, pyelonephritis, and other lower and upper urinary tract infections. It is particularly useful in cases where the causative bacteria are resistant or show reduced susceptibility to other commonly prescribed antibiotics.
However, like any medication, nitrofurantoin sodium salt may have side effects. Common adverse reactions include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Less frequently, it may cause pulmonary reactions, peripheral neuropathy, and liver dysfunction. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for appropriate dosage and to ensure its safe usage.
