Night soils, spelled [naɪt ˈsɔɪlz], refers to human excrement that is collected at night and used as fertilizer. The word "night" is spelled with the letters "n-i-g-h-t" which represent the sounds [naɪt], while "soils" is spelled with the letters "s-o-i-l-s" which represent the sounds [ˈsɔɪlz]. The spelling of the word reflects the pronunciation of each individual sound in the word. While night soil may not be commonly used as fertilizer today, historically it was a valuable resource for agriculture.
Night soils is a term that refers to human excrement or feces which is collected and disposed of at night, typically for agricultural purposes. It is a traditional method of waste disposal, particularly in rural areas or regions with limited access to modern sanitation systems. In this practice, human waste is collected from latrines, pit toilets, or other similar facilities during the night and then used as fertilizer for crops.
Historically, night soil collection was carried out by a designated individual known as a "night soil man" who would travel from house to house, collecting the waste in buckets or containers. The collected night soils would then be transported to fields or farms where they would be spread over the soil as a source of organic nutrients for crops. This method of recycling human waste as fertilizer has been practiced for centuries and is still used in some parts of the world today.
However, with the advancements in sanitation technology and public health practices, the use of night soils has diminished in industrialized countries. This is due to concerns about the potential transmission of diseases and the availability of more hygienic and effective disposal methods. Nonetheless, night soils continue to be used in certain agricultural communities, where access to commercial fertilizers is limited or costly.
In summary, night soils refer to human excrement collected and utilized as fertilizer, traditionally used in agriculture. It is a practice historically employed in areas lacking proper sanitation infrastructure, with individuals known as night soil men responsible for its collection and distribution.
The word "night soils" originates from the combination of two terms: "night" and "soils".
The term "night" refers to the time of day when these soils were collected. Historically, human waste was often disposed of by emptying chamber pots or using latrines during the nighttime. This practice was common in European cities and towns until the widespread establishment of modern sewage systems.
The term "soils" is a more archaic word for "dirt" or "excrement". In this context, it specifically refers to human waste or feces. The word "soil" is derived from the Old French term "soil", meaning "dirt" or "ground". It has roots in the Latin word "solum", which also means "soil" or "ground".