Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) is a crucial coenzyme found in all living cells. It functions primarily as an electron carrier, participating in a wide range of biological redox reactions. NADP+ is a derivative of niacin (vitamin B3) and plays a vital role in cellular metabolism.
NADP+ is structurally similar to another coenzyme called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). However, the phosphate group is attached to the 2'-hydroxyl group of the ribose moiety of the adenosine component. This phosphate group is responsible for distinguishing NADP+ from NAD+ and conferring its unique properties.
In its oxidized form, NADP+ can accept two electrons and two protons, becoming reduced to its active form, NADPH. NADPH serves as a reducing agent, donating its electrons to various enzymatic reactions. These reduction reactions play critical roles in the synthesis of biomolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids.
Several enzymes, known as NADP-dependent dehydrogenases, participate in the interconversion between NADP+ and NADPH. These enzymes are involved in pivotal cellular processes, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and oxidative stress response.
NADP+ and NADPH are components of vital biochemical pathways, including the pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid synthesis, and detoxification reactions. Their ability to facilitate redox reactions makes them essential for cellular energy production, cellular maintenance, and protection against free radicals.
In summary, NADP+ is a crucial coenzyme that functions in various redox reactions within living cells. Its ability to be reversibly converted into NADPH plays
