The word "newborns" refers to infants who are recently born. The spelling of this word is determined by the way it is pronounced, which is /ˈnjuːbɔːn/ in IPA phonetic transcription. The first syllable "new" is pronounced with the diphthong /juː/ followed by a voiced alveolar nasal /n/. The second syllable "born" contains a long vowel /ɔː/ followed by an unvoiced dental fricative /θ/. The final "s" is added to indicate plurality. Overall, the phonetic transcription of "newborns" helps us understand the spelling of the word based on its pronunciation.
Newborns are defined as infants who are in the first month of life. They are typically described as babies from birth until they reach four weeks of age. This critical period marks the transition from the womb to the outside world, where newborns undergo significant developmental changes and adaptations to their new environment.
Physiologically, newborns exhibit certain distinct characteristics. They possess relatively large heads in proportion to their bodies, reflecting the rapid growth and development of their brain and skull during pregnancy. Newborns have a pronounced startle reflex (also known as the Moro reflex) and grasp reflex, which are instinctive responses to external stimuli. They also have limited control over their movements and exhibit involuntary reflexes, such as the sucking and rooting reflexes, essential for feeding and survival.
Cognitively, newborns are primarily focused on basic survival needs, seeking warmth, nourishment, and nurture from their caregivers. They have limited visual acuity and are most responsive to high contrast and movement, which can grab their attention. Newborns are sensitive to sounds and can recognize familiar voices, often turning their heads in the direction of speech or various noises.
Emotionally, newborns display basic emotions like joy, fear, sadness, and distress. They primarily communicate their needs through crying, which is their primary means of signaling discomfort, hunger, or fatigue.
Overall, newborns are in a transformative stage of life, rapidly acquiring skills and adjusting to the external world while undergoing significant physical, cognitive, and emotional changes.
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The word "newborns" is a compound word consisting of two components: "new" and "borns".
The term "new" ultimately derives from the Old English word "niwe" or "neowe", which means fresh, youthful, or recent. It evolved from the Proto-Germanic word "niwjaz" and is also related to the Latin word "novus" and Greek word "neos", both meaning new.
The word "borns" is the plural form of the word "born", which originated from the Old English word "beran", meaning to bear, bring forth, or give birth to. It shares its roots with various Germanic languages, such as German "geboren" and Dutch "geboren".
Combining these components, "newborns" refers to infants or babies who have recently been born or are in their earliest stages of life.