Neuropathic tonic pupil, also known as Adie's pupil or Holmes-Adie syndrome, is a medical condition characterized by a dilated pupil that has a reduced ability to constrict in response to light or accommodation. This condition is caused by damage to the parasympathetic fibers of the ciliary ganglion, which disrupts the normal pupillary reflexes.
The affected pupil is typically larger and reacts slowly to changes in light conditions or accommodation, often resulting in an asymmetrical appearance. This condition predominantly affects one eye, although it can occasionally involve both eyes. Neuropathic tonic pupil is more commonly seen in women between the ages of 20 and 40.
Individuals with neuropathic tonic pupil may also experience other symptoms, such as blurred vision, sensitivity to light (photophobia), difficulty focusing on close objects (accommodative dysfunction), and altered sweating patterns.
The exact cause of neuropathic tonic pupil is still unknown in many cases, but it is often attributed to damage or degeneration of the parasympathetic nerve fibers. Conditions such as viral infections, trauma, autoimmune disorders, and genetic factors have been suggested as possible contributors.
Although neuropathic tonic pupil is usually a benign condition, it is essential to monitor and manage any associated symptoms or complications. Treatment options may include light therapy to stimulate pupillary constriction, prescription glasses to correct vision problems, and medications to alleviate symptoms like photophobia. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be considered.
