Neurogenic bladder dysfunction refers to an abnormality or impairment in the normal functioning of the bladder due to a neurological condition or injury. The term "neurogenic" implies that the dysfunction arises from a problem with the nerves that control bladder function.
Under normal circumstances, the nervous system sends signals to the bladder muscles, instructing them when to contract and relax. These actions allow the bladder to fill and empty properly. However, in neurogenic bladder dysfunction, this communication between the brain and the bladder is disrupted.
Neurological conditions such as spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, stroke, or any other injury or disease that affects the nerves can cause neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Depending on the specific condition or injury, the dysfunction can result in either overactive bladder or underactive bladder.
An overactive neurogenic bladder leads to the involuntary spasms or contractions of the bladder, causing urgency, frequent urination, and sometimes incontinence. On the other hand, an underactive neurogenic bladder causes a loss of sensation or muscle paralysis, leading to difficulty in emptying the bladder completely and urinary retention.
The consequences of neurogenic bladder dysfunction can be significant and increase the risk of various complications such as urinary tract infections, kidney damage, and bladder stones. Treatment options may include medications, bladder retraining exercises, catheterization, or surgical interventions to restore or improve bladder function and prevent these complications. Management is often personalized and focuses on the underlying cause of the dysfunction and the specific symptoms presented by the individual.
