NEURAL PLASTICITY Meaning and
Definition
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Neural plasticity, also known as brain plasticity or neuroplasticity, refers to the brain's capacity to modify and reorganize its structure, function, and neural connections in response to various stimuli and experiences. It is the brain's ability to adapt and change throughout an individual's lifetime, either due to intrinsic factors (such as learning, development, and aging) or extrinsic factors (such as environmental influences or injury).
At its core, neural plasticity refers to the brain's malleability and the ability of its neural networks to be shaped and rewired. It involves the formation of new neural connections (synapses), the elimination or retraction of existing connections, and changes in the strength and efficiency of synaptic connections. These modifications occur through various mechanisms, including synaptic pruning, axonal sprouting, neurogenesis, and changes in synaptic strength (long-term potentiation and depression).
Neural plasticity underlies learning and memory processes, as well as the brain's ability to recover from injury and adapt to changes in the environment. For example, when an individual learns a new skill or acquires new knowledge, neural plasticity allows the brain to reorganize its neuronal connections, strengthening the relevant circuits needed for performing that skill or retaining that information. Similarly, when the brain is damaged, such as through stroke, trauma, or disease, neural plasticity enables the formation of new pathways to compensate for the loss of function.
In summary, neural plasticity is a fundamental feature of the brain that encompasses its ability to change and adapt by reorganizing its structure, function, and neural connections, influencing learning, memory, and recovery from injury.
Etymology of NEURAL PLASTICITY
The word "neural plasticity" can be divided into two parts: "neural" and "plasticity".
- "Neural" is derived from the Latin word "neur" meaning "nerve". It is also related to the Greek word "neuron" meaning "sinew" or "tendon".
- "Plasticity" is derived from the Latin word "plasticus", which comes from the Greek word "plastikos" meaning "fit for molding". It is associated with the idea of being moldable or adaptable.
Therefore, "neural plasticity" refers to the adaptability or malleability of the nervous system, particularly the brain, to change and reorganize itself in response to various factors such as learning, experience, and injury.
