Nervus peronaeus superficialis, also known as the superficial peroneal nerve, is a peripheral nerve located in the lower limb. It is a branch of the common peroneal nerve, which is derived from the sciatic nerve in the posterior thigh.
The nervus peronaeus superficialis emerges from the common peroneal nerve at the level of the fibular head in the lateral compartment of the leg. Throughout its course, it supplies sensory innervation to the anterolateral aspect of the leg and the dorsum of the foot, excluding the first web space.
Functionally, the nervus peronaeus superficialis is responsible for providing sensory feedback, allowing individuals to perceive touch, pain, and temperature in the designated areas it serves. It also plays a role in motor innervation, controlling the muscles in the foot that produce eversion and dorsoflexion.
In terms of clinical significance, damage or injury to the nervus peronaeus superficialis can result in a condition known as superficial peroneal nerve entrapment or neuropathy. This can lead to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and weakness in the innervated areas, affecting mobility and causing discomfort. Treatments may include conservative measures like rest, physical therapy, or in more severe cases, surgical intervention to decompress the nerve.
Overall, the nervus peronaeus superficialis is an essential component of the lower limb peripheral nervous system, serving both sensory and motor functions that contribute to the overall functionality and integrity of the leg and foot.
