The nervus glutaeus superior, also known as the superior gluteal nerve, is a peripheral nerve that originates from the sacral plexus. It arises from the dorsal divisions of the lumbar spinal nerves L4, L5, and S1. The nervus glutaeus superior plays a crucial role in innervating specific muscles and providing sensory information to the gluteal region.
Functionally, the nervus glutaeus superior innervates the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae muscles. These muscles are responsible for various movements and stabilizing actions of the hip joint, such as abduction, internal rotation, and abduction of the thigh. By supplying these muscles with nerve impulses, the nervus glutaeus superior contributes to maintaining balance and proper movement during activities like walking, running, and standing.
Moreover, the nervus glutaeus superior carries sensory fibers that enable the perception of sensations in the skin overlying the gluteal area. This includes the upper, lateral, and posterior aspects of the buttock region. The sensory innervation provided by the nervus glutaeus superior allows for the detection of light touch, pressure, temperature, and pain sensations originating from these areas.
Damage or compression of the nervus glutaeus superior can cause various symptoms, including weakness, reduced muscle control, and altered sensation in the gluteal region. These impairments can significantly impact an individual's mobility and overall quality of life.
