Nervus dentalis inferior, also known as the inferior dental nerve, is a major nerve in the human body that belongs to the sensory division of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve. It is responsible for providing sensory innervation to the lower teeth, gums, and the lower lip on the corresponding side of the mouth.
Originating from the main trigeminal nerve, the nervus dentalis inferior descends downwards within a canal called the mandibular canal, which is located within the mandible or lower jawbone. Along its course, the nerve gives off multiple branches that penetrate the bone and supply sensation to the teeth and surrounding structures.
The nervus dentalis inferior emerges from the mandible through the mental foramen, a small opening on the outer surface of the jawbone, before dividing into several smaller branches. These branches then distribute and supply sensory fibers to the lower teeth, gums, and the skin of the lower lip.
Damage or injury to the nervus dentalis inferior can result in a condition known as inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia, characterized by numbness, tingling, or altered sensation in the innervated regions. This may occur due to dental procedures, facial trauma, or tumors affecting the nerve's course.
In summary, the nervus dentalis inferior is a significant nerve that provides sensory innervation to the lower teeth, gums, and lower lip, ensuring proper sensation and perception in the corresponding areas of the mouth.
