NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION Meaning and
Definition
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The Neolithic Revolution was a fundamental transformation in human society during the prehistoric period, which marked the shift from a nomadic, hunter-gatherer lifestyle to a settled, agricultural way of life. Also known as the Agricultural Revolution, it occurred approximately 10,000 to 5,000 BCE in different parts of the world and is characterized by significant changes in human behavior, societal structures, and cultural practices.
This revolution was marked by the emergence of agriculture as the primary means of subsistence. Humans began to domesticate plants such as wheat, barley, and rice, as well as animals like sheep, goats, and cattle. This shift enabled societies to produce a surplus of food, leading to population growth, steady settlements, and the development of permanent dwellings. Agriculture also allowed humans to create a more sedentary lifestyle, leading to the establishment of villages and towns, as well as the emergence of more complex social, economic, and political structures.
The Neolithic Revolution also saw advancements in technology, such as the development of tools like the plow, sickle, and millstone, which improved farming efficiency and productivity. It also brought about the creation of pottery, fabric production, and the use of metals like copper and bronze.
Overall, the Neolithic Revolution was a crucial turning point in human history, as it laid the foundation for the development of civilization. It allowed humans to transition from a predominantly nomadic existence to a settled, agricultural lifestyle, paving the way for the rise of complex societies, cultural achievements, and technological advancements.
Etymology of NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
The term "neolithic revolution" is derived from two words: "neolithic" and "revolution".
1. Neolithic: The word "neolithic" is a combination of two Greek words – "neo" meaning new, and "lithos" meaning stone. It was first coined in the mid-19th century by Sir John Lubbock, a British archaeologist and politician, to describe a specific period in human history marked by the development of stone tools and the beginning of agriculture.
2. Revolution: The word "revolution" originates from the Latin word "revolutio", which means a turn around or a rotation. It was first adapted in English during the 14th century and is commonly used to describe a profound or radical change, often referring to a major shift in societal, political, or economic aspects.
