Neognathae is a term used in ornithology, specifically in the classification of birds. It refers to a major taxonomic group or suborder within the class Aves, which represents a diversified and highly successful group of birds. The word "neognathae" originated from the Greek word "neo," meaning new, and "gnathos," meaning jaw, indicating a key characteristic that distinguishes this group from its counterpart.
Neognathae encompasses the vast majority of modern birds, including about 95% of all bird species. This group is defined by a unique jaw structure that allows for a wide and diverse array of feeding adaptations. The distinguishing feature of their jaw is the presence of a flexible joint called the "athrinoglossal joint," situated between the upper and lower jaws. This joint permits enhanced mobility, enabling neognathae to exhibit a greater range of jaw movements during feeding, crucial for capturing and manipulating diverse food sources.
The neognathae taxonomic group includes various bird families, such as sparrows, finches, eagles, owls, parrots, hummingbirds, pigeons, and many more. They have undergone evolutionary diversification and occupy a wide range of habitats across the globe. Their adaptability, diverse feeding strategies, and ability to fly have contributed to their expansion and success in various ecological niches.
In summary, neognathae represents a pivotal group of birds distinguished by their unique jaw structure, demonstrating remarkable adaptations for feeding. This broad taxonomic group encompasses the majority of modern bird species, demonstrating their evolutionary success and global distribution.
