NECROTISING ENTEROCOLITIS Meaning and
Definition
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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that primarily affects premature infants, particularly those born weighing less than 1,500 grams. This necrotizing disease primarily affects the intestines, including both the colon (large intestine) and the small intestine.
NEC is characterized by the inflammation and subsequent damage of the intestinal lining, which can lead to tissue death (necrosis) in severe cases. It is believed to result from a combination of factors, including an immature and underdeveloped intestinal tract, bacterial overgrowth, and a compromised immune system.
Symptoms of necrotizing enterocolitis may include feeding intolerance, abdominal distention, bloody stools, temperature instability, lethargy, and a high white blood cell count. Diagnosis is usually made through a combination of clinical symptoms, radiographic imaging, and sometimes the identification of specific laboratory markers.
Treatment for NEC typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including strict monitoring, bowel rest (temporary cessation of feeding), intravenous nutrition, antibiotics to combat infection, and, in severe cases, surgical intervention to remove the necrotic tissue or repair any perforations.
Necrotizing enterocolitis can carry significant risks and complications, including bowel perforation, sepsis, short bowel syndrome, and neurodevelopmental delays. However, with early detection, prompt intervention, and close medical management, the prognosis can be improved, and the long-term outcomes for affected infants can be more favorable.
Etymology of NECROTISING ENTEROCOLITIS
The word "necrotising enterocolitis" originates from the combination of three terms:
1. "Necrotising" comes from the Latin word "necrota", which means "dead" or "dying". It is derived from the Greek word "nekros", which also means "dead" or "corpse".
2. "Entero" is derived from the Greek word "enteron", which means "intestine" or "bowel".
3. "Colitis" is derived from the Greek word "kolon" or "koilos", which means "colon" or "large intestine". "Colitis" refers to the inflammation of the colon.
Therefore, "necrotising enterocolitis" is a medical term that describes the condition characterized by the inflammation and death of the intestinal tissue, affecting both the small intestine (entero-) and the large intestine (colitis).
