Near East Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus (NEE) is a viral pathogen that belongs to the Togaviridae family and is transmitted by mosquitoes. It is primarily found in regions of the Near East, notably Middle Eastern countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. This virus can infect multiple animal species, including horses, donkeys, and camels, but it primarily affects equines.
NEE virus can cause a severe and often fatal neurological disease known as equine encephalomyelitis. It infects the central nervous system, leading to inflammation and damage to the brain and spinal cord. Infected animals display a range of symptoms, including fever, loss of appetite, depression, weakness, muscle twitching, and, in severe cases, seizures and paralysis.
Mosquitoes act as the primary transmission vector for NEE virus, feeding on the blood of infected animals and then transmitting the virus to susceptible hosts. The virus can also be passed from mother to offspring through placental transmission or during birth. Humans can become infected with NEE virus through mosquito bites, but they are considered incidental hosts and do not contribute significantly to the spread of the disease.
Prevention and control of NEE virus primarily involve the use of mosquito control measures, such as insecticides and protective clothing for animals. Vaccines are available for horses and are recommended in endemic areas. Timely diagnosis and supportive care are important for affected animals, as there is no specific treatment for NEE infection.
