Natural rubber latex allergy is an immune reaction that occurs when an individual's immune system mistakenly identifies certain proteins found in natural rubber latex as harmful substances. Natural rubber latex is a milky sap obtained from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) and is widely used in the production of various medical products, such as gloves, syringes, catheters, and condoms, as well as in other everyday items like balloons, elastic bands, and rubber toys.
When a person with a latex allergy comes into contact with latex products, their immune system overreacts and releases a substance known as histamine, along with other chemicals, in response to the perceived threat. This immune response can lead to various symptoms, ranging from mild to severe. Common symptoms may include skin rashes, hives, itching, swelling, nasal congestion, sneezing, watery eyes, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and even anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction involving difficulty breathing and a drop in blood pressure.
Natural rubber latex allergies can be attributed to repeated exposure to latex products, such as through occupational exposure or medical procedures involving latex. Individuals at higher risk of developing this allergy include healthcare workers, rubber industry workers, and people with certain health conditions like spina bifida or congenital urologic abnormalities, who have had extensive medical interventions using latex-containing products.
Since latex allergy can have severe and potentially life-threatening consequences, it is crucial for individuals with a known allergy to avoid any contact with latex products and to inform healthcare professionals and others about their allergy to ensure appropriate alternative materials are used.
