National security is spelled /ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊərəti/. In this word, "national" is pronounced as /ˈnæʃənəl/ and "security" is pronounced as /sɪˈkjʊərəti/. The first syllable in "national" has a short "a" sound, followed by the "sh" sound, and the stress is on the first syllable. In "security", the stress is on the second syllable and it is pronounced with a short "i" sound followed by the "k" sound. The IPA phonetic transcription is helpful in understanding the pronunciation of complex words like national security.
National Security refers to the measures put in place by a nation-state to safeguard its citizens, territory, interests, and values against internal and external threats, with the ultimate goal of ensuring the survival and well-being of the country. It encompasses the comprehensive range of actions taken to protect a nation's political, economic, social, and cultural integrity. National security is a fundamental responsibility of governments and serves as the cornerstone for maintaining sovereignty and stability.
Internal threats to national security may include political instability, terrorism, insurgency, separatism, or any acts that undermine the rule of law. External threats can stem from other nation-states, such as military aggression, espionage, economic coercion, and cyberattacks, among others. Additionally, natural disasters, pandemics, and environmental degradation can also pose significant challenges to national security.
National security strategies often involve a combination of military, intelligence, diplomatic, economic, and social policies to counter existing and potential threats. Governments devise and implement policies aimed at maintaining a balance of power, forging alliances with like-minded nations, establishing intelligence networks, monitoring borders, investing in defense capabilities, and promoting economic resilience.
The concept of national security recognizes that the safety and well-being of a nation ultimately depend on a comprehensive and holistic approach that encompasses the protection of both physical and non-physical aspects, including its citizens, infrastructure, institutions, economy, values, and reputation. Thus, it requires a proactive identification and assessment of threats, as well as the coordinated implementation of appropriate measures to mitigate risks and maintain the overall security and stability of a nation.
The word "national" originates from the Latin word "natio", which means "nation" or "people". It has been used in English since the late 16th century. It pertains to matters related to or characteristic of a particular nation, its people, or government.
The word "security" traces back to the Latin word "securitas", which means "freedom from care" or "tranquility". It entered the English language in the early 17th century and refers to the state of being protected from threats, danger, or harm.
The term "national security" emerged in the early 20th century, gaining popularity during and after World War II. It refers to the protection and defense of a nation's integrity, sovereignty, territory, and citizens from various threats, such as military aggression, terrorism, espionage, or other dangers that may affect its well-being.