Narrow angle glaucoma, also known as angle-closure glaucoma or acute angle-closure glaucoma, is a serious eye condition characterized by a sudden increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) due to a blockage of the drainage angle in the eye. This blockage occurs when the iris, the colored part of the eye, is too close to the drainage channel, known as the trabecular meshwork, preventing the outflow of fluid from the eye.
This condition is considered a medical emergency as it can cause severe damage to the optic nerve, leading to vision loss or blindness if left untreated. It typically presents sudden and intense symptoms such as severe eye pain, blurred vision, halos around lights, redness, nausea, and vomiting.
The main risk factors for narrow angle glaucoma include older age, farsightedness, a family history of the condition, certain anatomical features of the eye, and certain medications such as antihistamines and antidepressants.
Immediate treatment is crucial to relieve symptoms and reduce the intraocular pressure. It usually involves the administration of medications to lower the IOP, such as eye drops, oral medications, or intravenous drugs. In some cases, emergency laser or surgical procedures may be required to create alternative drainage routes for the excess fluid.
Regular eye examinations and early detection are essential for preventing the progression of narrow angle glaucoma. Managing the condition typically involves ongoing monitoring, lifestyle changes, and the use of prescription eye drops to control the intraocular pressure and preserve vision.
