NADPH OXIDASE Meaning and
Definition
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NADPH oxidase refers to a membrane-bound enzyme complex that plays a crucial role in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells. It consists of multiple subunits and is primarily found in phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, where it serves as a potent defense mechanism against invading microorganisms.
The enzyme complex utilizes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as a reducing agent and catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADPH to molecular oxygen (O2), leading to the formation of superoxide anion (O2•-). Superoxide anion is then rapidly transformed into various ROS, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and singlet oxygen (^1O2). These ROS, in turn, exhibit antimicrobial properties by causing oxidative damage to pathogens.
The production of ROS by NADPH oxidase is a tightly regulated and highly controlled process. Its activation is typically triggered by various stimuli, including immune system signaling molecules, such as cytokines and chemokines. Upon activation, the cytosolic subunits of NADPH oxidase translocate to the cell membrane, assembling with the membrane-bound subunits, leading to the formation of the active enzyme complex.
Due to its central role in oxidative stress and immune responses, dysregulation of NADPH oxidase has been implicated in various pathological conditions, such as chronic inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, understanding the complex mechanisms that regulate NADPH oxidase and its specific role in cellular signaling and disease pathology is of considerable interest in medical research.
Common Misspellings for NADPH OXIDASE
- badph oxidase
- madph oxidase
- jadph oxidase
- hadph oxidase
- nzdph oxidase
- nsdph oxidase
- nwdph oxidase
- nqdph oxidase
- nasph oxidase
- naxph oxidase
- nacph oxidase
- nafph oxidase
- narph oxidase
- naeph oxidase
- nadoh oxidase
- nadlh oxidase
- nad-h oxidase
- nad0h oxidase
- nadpg oxidase
- nadpb oxidase
Etymology of NADPH OXIDASE
The word "NADPH oxidase" has two parts: "NADPH" and "oxidase".
1. NADPH: NADPH stands for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. It is a coenzyme involved in many cellular metabolic reactions, including the transfer of electrons during redox reactions. The acronym "NADPH" is derived from its chemical structure.
2. Oxidase: The term "oxidase" refers to an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from various substrates to molecular oxygen (O₂), resulting in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) or other reactive oxygen species (ROS). The word "oxidase" comes from the Latin roots "oxydo", meaning "to oxidize", and "-ase", a suffix used to denote an enzyme.
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