N-Formyl Methionyl Leucyl Phenylalanine (fMLF) is a peptide consisting of 13 amino acids that plays a crucial role in the immune response and inflammatory processes in mammals.
The term "N-formyl" refers to the chemical group that is attached to the N-terminus of the peptide. The attachment of this group is important for the peptide's function in signaling and activating immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and monocytes.
Methionyl, leucyl, and phenylalanine represent the three amino acids that make up the peptide sequence. Methionine is an essential amino acid involved in protein synthesis, while leucine and phenylalanine are non-essential amino acids with various cellular functions.
fMLF is produced by bacteria and acts as a potent chemoattractant, meaning it attracts immune cells to sites of infection or tissue damage. Once bound to its receptors on immune cells, fMLF triggers a signaling cascade that leads to cell migration, release of inflammatory mediators, and phagocytosis of pathogens.
This peptide is also known for its role in initiating respiratory bursts and oxidative stress, which are important mechanisms for killing invading microorganisms. Additionally, fMLF is involved in modulating cytokine production and regulating the inflammatory response.
Overall, N-Formyl Methionyl Leucyl Phenylalanine is a critical peptide in the innate immune system, mediating the recruitment and activation of immune cells to combat infection and inflammation.
