Myxovirus parotitidis is a term that refers to a viral species belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae, specifically within the genus Rubulavirus. It is commonly known as the mumps virus.
This enveloped virus is characterized by its single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome, which is encapsulated by a viral nucleocapsid. It is primarily transmitted through respiratory secretions or direct contact with infected individuals. Mumps virus has a tropism for the salivary glands, especially the parotid glands, which often become visibly swollen during infection.
Upon entering the host, the mumps virus targets and infects its hosts' respiratory epithelial cells, subsequently spreading to the lymphatic tissues. After an incubation period of approximately 14 to 18 days, symptoms associated with mumps typically manifest, including fever, headache, muscle pain, fatigue, and most distinctively, the swelling and tenderness of one or both parotid glands.
Complications associated with mumps can vary in severity, ranging from mild to severe manifestations. While most individuals recover fully without complications, potential consequences include orchitis (testicular inflammation), meningitis (inflammation of the brain and spinal cord), deafness, and, rarely, encephalitis.
Currently, prevention against Myxovirus parotitidis is primarily achieved through vaccination, which is typically administered as part of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Effective vaccination programs have shown significant success in reducing the incidence and spread of the virus worldwide.
