A mystery play, spelled /ˈmɪstər.i pleɪ/, is a type of medieval drama that depicts biblical stories and events, often focused on the life of Christ. The word "mystery" is derived from the Latin "misterium," meaning "a hidden secret or skill." The spelling of "mystery" reflects its pronunciation with the stress on the first syllable and the "y" representing the long "i" sound. "Play" follows a standard English pronunciation with the long "a" sound and the silent "y" at the end.
A mystery play is a form of medieval theatrical performance that originated in the Middle Ages and was popular during the 14th to 16th centuries. It is a genre of drama that depicts biblical stories, particularly those centered around the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. These plays were usually performed outdoors in front of churches or other public spaces during religious festivals or special occasions.
Mystery plays were typically performed by local guilds or trade organizations, and they aimed to communicate religious teachings and stories to the illiterate population, as the majority of people during that time were unable to read or write. The plays were written in vernacular language, making them more accessible and relatable to the common people.
These plays were often presented in a series of episodes or scenes, collectively referred to as a cycle or a complete mystery. The cycles consisted of multiple plays that covered various biblical episodes, including the Creation, the Fall of Man, the Nativity, the Last Supper, Crucifixion, and the Resurrection. Each play was performed on a movable stage or wagon, known as pageant wagons, which were transported from one location to another.
Mystery plays played a significant role in religious education, reinforcing Christian teachings and illustrating moral lessons. They showcased a combination of both dramatic and comedic elements, incorporating humorous scenes and lively music and dance performances. Through the use of elaborate costumes, props, and special effects, mystery plays aimed to engage and entertain the audience while delivering profound spiritual messages.
Today, mystery plays are considered a vital part of theatrical history and have influenced subsequent dramatic forms, contributing to the development of modern theater.
The word "mystery play" derives from Middle English, specifically from the word "mysterie" or "mistere", which comes from the Old French term "mister" meaning "craft" or "occupation". In turn, "mister" originates from the Latin word "ministerium", which similarly means "occupation" or "service". Mystery plays were dramatic performances in medieval Europe that depicted biblical stories, particularly those focused on religious mysteries or miracles.