Myositis refers to a medical condition characterized by inflammation and damage to the muscles. It is a term derived from the Greek words "myos" meaning muscle and "itis" indicating inflammation. Typically, myositis involves the skeletal muscles (the muscles that facilitate movement) but can also affect other types of muscles, such as those involved in swallowing or breathing.
There are several types of myositis, with the most common being dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Dermatomyositis primarily affects the skin and muscles, resulting in a distinctive rash on the face, neck, and upper body, along with muscle weakness and fatigue. Polymyositis, on the other hand, primarily affects the muscles and causes progressive muscle weakness and degeneration.
Myositis can be caused by various factors, including autoimmune diseases, viral or bacterial infections, exposure to certain medications or toxins, or inherited genetic factors. The condition often presents with symptoms like muscle pain, tenderness, weakness, stiffness, and difficulty in performing everyday activities. Diagnosis of myositis may involve a physical examination, blood tests, electromyography, and muscle biopsy.
Treatment for myositis usually involves a combination of medications to decrease inflammation, manage symptoms, and reduce damage to the muscles. Physical therapy and exercise programs may also be recommended to improve muscle strength and function. In some cases, additional interventions such as occupational therapy or assistive devices might be required to aid with daily activities.
