A myofascial trigger point refers to a localized area of increased sensitivity in a muscle or its surrounding fascia, characterized by the presence of a taut band of muscle fibers and a palpable nodule or knot. These points are commonly referred to as "knots" and are associated with the development and perpetuation of myofascial pain syndrome.
When a muscle undergoes excessive contraction or overload, either due to physical stress, trauma, or even emotional factors, trigger points may develop. They can also be caused by poor posture, repetitive movements, or the presence of trigger points in neighboring muscles. The exact mechanisms behind their formation are not fully understood, but they are thought to result from the development of local ischemia, or reduced blood flow, within the affected muscle fibers.
Myofascial trigger points are primarily defined by localized pain, which can be spontaneous or triggered by pressure, movement, or even changes in temperature. The pain can range in intensity from mild discomfort to severe and debilitating. Alongside pain, trigger points may also cause referred pain, where discomfort is felt in areas distant from the actual trigger point. Other associated symptoms may include muscle weakness, restricted range of motion, and autonomic symptoms such as sweating or changes in skin temperature.
The treatment of myofascial trigger points typically involves manual therapy techniques such as trigger point release, stretching, and massage. Additionally, physical therapy exercises, posture correction, stress reduction, and pain management strategies can play important roles in the management and resolution of trigger points.
