The musculus semispinalis colli, also known as the semispinalis capitis, is a deep muscle found in the back of the neck that is part of the semispinalis muscle group. The term "musculus semispinalis colli" is derived from Latin, where "musculus" means muscle, "semispinalis" refers to the half-spinous nature of the muscle fibers, and "colli" denotes its location in the neck.
This muscle originates from the transverse processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae, specifically from T1-T5, and it ascends through the cervical vertebrae to insert on the spinous processes of the upper cervical vertebrae, primarily from C2 to C5. It is located deep within the superficial muscles of the neck, such as the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.
The primary function of the musculus semispinalis colli is to extend and rotate the head and neck, as well as to provide stability to the cervical spine. It works synergistically with other neck muscles to maintain proper posture, support the weight of the head, and assist in various movements of the head and neck, such as turning the head to the side or looking upwards.
Injuries or strains to the musculus semispinalis colli can result in pain or discomfort in the neck, limited range of motion, and potential imbalances or misalignments in the structures of the cervical spine. Physical therapy, stretching exercises, and other conservative treatments are often employed to rehabilitate and strengthen this muscle when necessary.
