The muscles of mastication are essential for chewing and breaking down food. The spelling of the word "mastication" comes from the Latin word "masticare," meaning "to chew." The spelling of the word is pronounced as "mas-ti-key-shun" using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The phonetic transcription symbols used include /m/ for the "m" sound, /æ/ for the "a" sound, /s/ for the "s" sound, /t/ for the "t" sound, /ɪ/ for the "i" sound, /ˈkeɪ/ for the "key" sound, and /ʃən/ for the "shun" sound.
The phrase "muscles of mastication" refers to a group of four muscles located in the jaw and face that are primarily responsible for the act of mastication, or chewing. These muscles work together to facilitate the movement and functionality of the jaw during the chewing process.
The primary muscle included in this group is the masseter muscle, which is the strongest jaw muscle and is located at the side of the face, covering the angle of the jaw. Its main function is to elevate and close the jaw during the closing phase of chewing.
The temporalis muscle is another important component of the muscles of mastication. It is located on the side of the head, above the ear, and is responsible for retracting and elevating the jaw during chewing.
The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles complete the set of muscles of mastication. The medial pterygoid muscle is located internally at the back of the jaw and aids in closing the jaw, while the lateral pterygoid muscle is situated at the front of the jaw and is important for lateral and protrusive movements of the jaw during chewing.
These interconnected muscles contract and relax in a synchronized manner to allow for efficient and effective chewing of food. Dysfunction or impairment of the muscles of mastication can lead to difficulties in chewing and may be associated with various temporomandibular joint disorders and dental conditions.
Masseter, temporalis, pterygoideus externus, and pterygoideus internus.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.