Mumps is a noun that refers to a contagious viral infection characterized by the inflammation and swelling of the salivary glands, primarily the parotid glands located on the sides of the face, resulting in a tender and swollen jaw. It is caused by the mumps virus, which belongs to the paramyxovirus family.
The symptoms of mumps typically include fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, loss of appetite, and swelling and tenderness of the salivary glands. The swelling of the parotid glands gives the face a characteristic puffy appearance, often referred to as "chipmunk cheeks." In some cases, other glands in the body, such as the testicles in males or the ovaries in females, may also become inflamed.
Mumps is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets from an infected person. It can be transmitted through coughing, sneezing, sharing utensils or cups, or coming into contact with surfaces contaminated by the virus. The incubation period usually ranges from 12 to 25 days.
Although most cases of mumps are mild and resolve within a couple of weeks, complications can sometimes arise, especially in older individuals. These complications may include meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord), encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), or even deafness.
Prevention of mumps is primarily achieved through vaccination with the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine, which is typically administered in childhood. Treatment for mumps usually focuses on relieving symptoms and includes rest, hydration, pain management, and warm/cold compresses to alleviate swelling.
