Mule deer is a subspecies of deer, scientifically known as Odocoileus hemionus. This large mammal is typically found in western North America, inhabiting various ecosystems such as forests, mountains, and deserts. The name "mule deer" originates from their characteristic large, mule-like ears that distinguish them from other deer species.
Adult mule deer typically stand around three to three and a half feet tall at the shoulder, with males, known as bucks, being larger than females, referred to as does. They exhibit a variable coat coloration, ranging from grayish-brown to reddish-brown, blending well with their natural surroundings. Mule deer also possess a distinctive white rump patch that flashes when they run, enabling better visual communication among the group.
These herbivorous animals primarily feed on a wide variety of vegetation, including shrubs, grasses, and leaves. Mule deer feature a complex digestive system and are well adapted to extract nutrients from sparse, low-quality forage commonly found in arid regions.
Mule deer are known for their remarkable agility, which aids them in navigating their rugged habitats. They are exceptional jumpers, capable of clearing obstacles up to eight feet high and spanning distances over ten feet. Additionally, mule deer possess keen senses of sight, smell, and hearing, allowing them to detect potential threats and predators from a distance.
Around the breeding season, known as the rut, bucks compete for dominance and mate with receptive does. Males grow and shed their antlers annually, which serve as weapons during both dominance displays and physical confrontations. The antlers of mule deer typically branch, resembling the shape of a fork or mule's ears, unlike the fully branched antlers found in other deer species
