MTOR is an acronym for Mammalian Target of Rapamycin, a protein kinase that acts as a crucial regulator of various cellular processes in organisms, including humans. It is a serine/threonine kinase and an important component of two protein complexes, namely mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2).
mTOR plays a significant role in regulating cell growth, proliferation, and survival by integrating various environmental cues, such as nutrient availability, growth factors, energy levels, and stress signals. It acts as a central regulator of protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, autophagy, and mitochondrial function. Additionally, it influences cellular processes involved in cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and immune response.
Abnormal mTOR signaling has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and metabolic syndromes. Due to its critical role in cellular homeostasis and disease pathogenesis, mTOR has emerged as an important therapeutic target.
The mTOR pathway is tightly regulated by multiple positive and negative feedback mechanisms to ensure precise control over cellular processes. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, proliferation, and tumorigenesis.
In summary, MTOR is a protein kinase that acts as a central regulator of cellular processes involved in growth, metabolism, and survival. Its dysregulation has been linked to various diseases, making it a potential therapeutic target in the development of novel treatments.
