MRNA Meaning and
Definition
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Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecule that plays a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis. It carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus of a cell to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where proteins are manufactured. mRNA is transcribed from DNA during a process called transcription and serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation.
mRNA consists of a single-stranded chain of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of RNA. These nucleotides contain four different bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U). The sequence of these bases in mRNA is determined by the complementary base pairing with the DNA template strand, allowing for the faithful transfer of genetic information.
Once the mRNA molecule is synthesized in the nucleus, it undergoes a series of modifications, including the addition of a modified nucleotide cap at its 5' end and a poly-A tail at its 3' end. These modifications enhance the stability and functionality of mRNA.
During protein synthesis, the mRNA molecule carries the genetic instructions encoded within its sequence to the ribosomes, the cellular organelles responsible for protein assembly. The mRNA is read in groups of three nucleotides, called codons, and each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid. Through a process known as translation, the ribosomes read the mRNA codons and assemble the corresponding amino acids into a polypeptide chain, ultimately resulting in the synthesis of a functional protein.
Common Misspellings for MRNA
Etymology of MRNA
The word "mRNA" is an abbreviation for "messenger RNA". Let's break down the etymology of this term:
1. Messenger: The word "messenger" comes from Old English, with the root word "messe" meaning "message" and the suffix "-enger" indicating a person who carries or delivers something. It ultimately traces back to the Latin word "mittere", meaning "to send".
2. RNA: RNA stands for "ribonucleic acid". The term RNA was coined in the early 20th century when researchers studying the chemical composition of cells discovered a type of nucleic acid distinct from DNA. The word "nucleic" refers to the nucleus of a cell, where DNA was first identified, and "acid" denotes its acid-like properties.
Similar spelling words for MRNA
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