Mouth ulcers, also known as aphthous ulcers or canker sores, are small, painful sores or lesions that develop within the oral cavity, typically on the soft tissues such as the inside of the cheeks, lips, tongue, or gums. These ulcers often appear as round or oval-shaped white or yellowish lesions surrounded by a red border.
Although the exact cause of mouth ulcers remains unclear, they are believed to be primarily triggered by minor injuries or irritations to the mouth, such as accidental biting, rough dental work, or trauma from braces. Other possible causes include hormonal changes, certain medications, nutritional deficiencies (e.g., vitamin B12, iron, or zinc), stress, immune system disorders, or underlying medical conditions.
Mouth ulcers tend to be painful, making activities like eating, drinking, and speaking uncomfortable or difficult. While most ulcers heal on their own within one to two weeks, their symptoms can be alleviated through over-the-counter topical treatments and home remedies. Rinsing the mouth with saltwater or a mild antiseptic mouthwash, applying oral gels or pastes containing analgesics or anti-inflammatory substances, or using medicated mouthwashes may help relieve pain and promote healing.
However, if mouth ulcers persist for longer than two weeks, occur frequently or in clusters, are unusually large, extremely painful, or accompanied by additional symptoms, it is advisable to seek medical attention, as these may indicate an underlying medical condition that requires specialized treatment or investigation.
