Mouse Sarcoma Viruses (MSV) refers to a group of oncogenic (cancer-causing) viruses that primarily infect mice. They belong to the family Retroviridae, specifically the genus Gammaretrovirus. MSV is known to induce sarcoma, a type of malignant tumor that arises from soft tissues such as connective tissues, in mice.
These viruses are characterized by their ability to integrate their genetic material, which is in the form of RNA, into the DNA of the host organism. This integration process is facilitated by the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which converts the viral RNA into DNA. Once integrated into the host genome, the viral genes become part of the host cell's genetic material and can be replicated along with it.
Infection with MSV can occur through various routes, including direct contact with infected animals, ingestion of contaminated food or water, or inhalation of viral particles in the air. The viruses can also be transmitted vertically from mother to offspring.
MSV-induced sarcomas can manifest in different tissues and organs of mice, resulting in diverse clinical presentations. These tumors can be classified into different subtypes based on their site of origin, histological appearance, and genetic characteristics. MSV infection has been extensively studied as a model for understanding the mechanisms underlying viral oncogenesis and the development of cancer.
While MSV primarily affects mice, it is important to note that these viruses, like other retroviruses, have the potential to undergo genetic recombination and mutation, potentially enabling them to cross species barriers and infect other animals, including humans.
