Morvan disease, also known as Morvan's syndrome or Morvan's fibrillary chorea, is a rare neurological condition characterized by a combination of persistent muscle stiffness (tonic rigidity), muscle spasms (myoclonus), and continuous muscle twitching (fasciculations). This disorder is named after a French physician, Augustin Marie Morvan, who first described it in 1890.
The main symptoms of Morvan disease include muscle stiffness and pain, difficulty in initiating movements, muscle weakness, muscle twitching, and involuntary muscle contractions. These symptoms are usually more pronounced in the limbs, although they can affect other body parts as well. Patients may also experience insomnia, excessive sweating, weight loss, and various autonomic dysfunctions.
The exact cause of Morvan disease remains unknown, but it is believed to be associated with autoimmune processes and the production of antibodies against specific proteins in the nervous system. The antibodies target potassium channels in the nerve cells, disrupting their normal function and leading to the characteristic muscle symptoms.
Diagnosis of Morvan disease is typically made through clinical evaluation, brain imaging studies, and electrodiagnostic tests. Treatment options for this condition include immunomodulatory drugs, intravenous immunoglobulins, plasmapheresis, and other therapies aimed at suppressing the immune system.
Morvan disease is considered a chronic and potentially debilitating condition. Management requires multidisciplinary care involving neurologists, rehabilitation specialists, and mental health professionals to address the associated physical, emotional, and cognitive impairments. While there is no known cure for Morvan disease, treatment can help control symptoms and improve the quality of life for affected individuals.
