Morphaea, also known as localized scleroderma, is a rare chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the skin and underlying tissues. It is characterized by the excessive production and accumulation of collagen, a fibrous protein, in the affected areas. This leads to thickening and hardening of the skin, causing it to appear shiny, firm, and stretched.
The exact cause of morphaea is still unknown, but it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response triggered by genetic and environmental factors. It predominantly affects children and young adults, with females being more commonly affected than males.
The condition typically manifests as distinct patches or plaques of hardened skin that are white, ivory, or yellowish in color. These plaques may be oval or linear in shape and can appear anywhere on the body. Morphaea usually progresses slowly and can sometimes cause joint stiffness or movement limitations if it affects the underlying tissues.
In addition to skin involvement, morphaea can occasionally affect other body systems, including the muscles, bones, and internal organs. This can result in complications such as joint contractures, growth disturbances, or rarely, organ dysfunction.
Diagnosis of morphaea is primarily based on clinical evaluation and examination of the affected skin. Biopsy or imaging tests may be performed to rule out other conditions or assess deeper tissue involvement.
Treatment options for morphaea aim to control symptoms, slow disease progression, and prevent complications. They may include topical or oral medications, physical therapy, and occasionally, surgical interventions. Regular monitoring and follow-up with healthcare providers are important to manage the condition effectively.
