The term "moriscoes" refers to the Muslim people of Spain who were forced to convert to Christianity in the 16th century. It is pronounced /məˈrɪskoʊz/ and spelled with a "c" instead of a "s" at the end because it indicates the plural form in Spanish. The spelling is derived from the Spanish word "morisco" which itself comes from the Arabic word "muwallad" meaning "convert". Despite being anglicised to "Moriscos", it remains a poignant reminder of Spain's rich and complicated history.
Moriscoes were a group of Spanish Muslims who converted to Christianity during the late Middle Ages and early modern period. Also known by the Spanish term "moriscos," these individuals were descendants of the Islamic Moors who had inhabited the Iberian Peninsula. Following the Reconquista, a series of military campaigns by Christian forces to reclaim the peninsula from the Moors, Muslim populations gradually converted to Christianity under pressure from the Spanish Crown. The term "morisco" literally translates to "little Moor" in Spanish.
Moriscoes faced significant discrimination and persecution in Spanish society due to their Muslim heritage, with laws and regulations imposed upon them to prevent them from openly practicing their traditional Islamic beliefs. This included restrictions on clothing, language, and customs, and they were often subjected to forced conversion attempts and scrutiny from the authorities. Despite their conversion to Christianity, suspicions and prejudices about the sincerity of their faith persisted.
The Spanish Crown perceived moriscoes as a potential threat, as they were thought to maintain a secret allegiance to Islam and were therefore subjected to frequent surveillance and repression. Ultimately, their dual heritage made them vulnerable to expulsion campaigns, culminating in the expulsion of all moriscoes from Spain in 1609-1614. Many were forced to abandon their homes and migrate to North Africa, leaving behind a cultural void and contributing to the loss of Islamic influence in Spain.
A name given to the Moors who remained in Spain after the taking of Granada, A.D. 1492.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "moriscoes" originates from the Spanish language and has its etymological roots in the word "moriscos". The term "moriscos" is the plural form of "morisco", which comes from the Arabic word "muwallad" (plural: "muwalladun") meaning "one who is of mixed Arab and Iberian descent".
During the period of the Spanish Inquisition, moriscos were Muslims who converted to Christianity under pressure but were suspected of secretly practicing their original faith. The term "moriscos" began to be used in the 16th century to refer to these converted Muslims in Spain and Portugal. Over time, it became common to refer to the community as "moriscoes" in English, maintaining its linguistic connection to the original Spanish term.