Monteggia fracture is a specific type of forearm fracture that involves a break in the ulna bone along with a dislocation in the proximal radio-ulnar joint. It was first described by Giovanni Battista Monteggia, an Italian surgeon, in the early 19th century. This type of fracture-dislocation is a relatively rare injury, accounting for only about 1% of all forearm fractures.
In a Monteggia fracture, the ulna bone, which is located on the inner side of the forearm, is fractured. Meanwhile, the radius bone, which is on the outer side of the forearm, is dislocated from its normal position at the elbow joint. The displacement of the radius bone is usually in a backward or backward and outward direction. The extent of the fracture varies, sometimes involving only a small chip or fracture line, while in more severe cases, it can result in a complete break or comminuted fracture of the ulna bone.
Symptoms of a Monteggia fracture include pain, swelling, deformity, and difficulty in moving the arm or elbow. Diagnosis is typically made through physical examination, X-rays, or other imaging techniques.
Treatment of Monteggia fractures usually requires surgical intervention to realign the bones. This often involves manipulating the dislocated radius back into its correct position and stabilizing the fracture with internal fixation, such as plates, screws, or wires. Additionally, a period of immobilization with a cast or splint is usually necessary for proper healing.
Without appropriate and timely treatment, Monteggia fractures can lead to complications such as chronic pain, stiffness, nerve damage, or long-term disability. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals who suspect a Monteggia fracture to seek medical attention promptly.
