MOLECULAR MARKER Meaning and
Definition
-
A molecular marker refers to a specific genetic or biochemical characteristic that can be used to identify or track the presence or absence of a particular gene or genomic region in an organism. These markers are typically specific sequences of DNA, RNA, or proteins that can be easily detected and analyzed in a laboratory setting. Molecular markers are extensively used in various fields of genetics, genomics, and biology to study genetic variation, evolutionary relationships, genetic disorders, and to assist in breeding and crop improvement programs.
The main purpose of molecular markers is to provide a means for geneticists and researchers to identify specific genes or genomic regions of interest in a relatively quick, accurate, and cost-effective manner. They are particularly valuable in cases where visual or morphological traits cannot be easily observed or distinguished, or when assessing large populations or complex genetic traits.
Molecular markers can be classified into different types based on the technology used to detect them, such as restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), simple sequence repeats (SSRs), and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs).
Overall, molecular markers play a vital role in understanding genetic diversity, gene mapping, and genetic analysis across various organisms, including humans, animals, plants, bacteria, and viruses. By utilizing molecular markers, researchers can efficiently investigate genetic relationships, trace evolutionary patterns, and develop more targeted and efficient breeding strategies for improved crop yield, disease resistance, and overall genetic improvement in various organisms.
Etymology of MOLECULAR MARKER
The term "molecular marker" is formed by combining two words: "molecular" and "marker".
1. Molecular: The term "molecular" originated from the Latin word "molecula", which means a tiny mass or a little mass. It is derived from the Latin word "moles", meaning a mass or barrier. The term "molecular" is commonly used in science to refer to the smallest unit of a substance or a compound. In genetics and biology, "molecular" is used to denote the study or analysis of biological molecules on a molecular level.
2. Marker: The term "marker" has a broader etymology. It is derived from various languages:
- From the Middle English word "markere", which comes from the Old English word "mearcere". In Old English, "mearcere" referred to a person who marked boundaries or boundaries themselves.
