MODERN PHILOSOPHY Meaning and
Definition
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Modern philosophy is a branch of philosophical thought that emerged during the 17th century in response to the intellectual changes and advancements of the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution. It encompasses a wide range of philosophical disciplines and approaches, primarily focusing on the exploration of human existence, the nature of reality, knowledge and perception, ethics, and the relationship between individuals and society.
One of the distinguishing characteristics of modern philosophy is its departure from traditional reliance on religious doctrines and authority, as it seeks to address life's fundamental questions through reason, logic, and empirical observation. The era gave birth to a multitude of philosophical movements and thinkers, each offering unique perspectives on the nature of reality and human experience.
Prominent figures in modern philosophy include René Descartes, John Locke, Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Nietzsche, and others. Cartesian dualism, Locke's empiricism, and Kant's transcendent idealism are just a few of the significant contributions made by these philosophers.
Modern philosophy also witnessed the development of scientific methodologies and the rise of skepticism, skepticism being a central theme throughout much of the era. It aimed to critically evaluate claims and beliefs by questioning their foundations and demanding empirical evidence.
In summary, modern philosophy is a dynamic and evolving field that encompasses various philosophical theories, approaches, and movements, all of which strive to understand and interpret the world through reason, evidence, and critical thinking, rather than relying on religious or traditional authorities.
Etymology of MODERN PHILOSOPHY
The word "modern" comes from the Latin word "modernus", which means "of present times" or "contemporary". The term "moderne" in French and "modern" in English first appeared in the late 15th century, distinguishing the current era from the earlier medieval period.
The word "philosophy" has its roots in ancient Greek. It is derived from the Greek word "philosophia", which combines "philo", meaning "love" or "friendship", and "sophia", meaning "wisdom" or "knowledge". Thus, philosophy refers to the love or pursuit of wisdom and knowledge.
When combined, "modern philosophy" refers to a philosophical movement that emerged during the 17th century, breaking away from the dominant scholasticism of the Middle Ages. This new approach emphasized rationality, empirical observation, and scientific methods, fundamentally transforming the philosophical landscape.
