MOAT protein refers to a family of transmembrane proteins that play a crucial role in cellular processes such as the transport of molecules across cell membranes. The acronym, MOAT, stands for "Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein- like Organic Anion Transporters." These proteins are primarily found on the cell membrane of various tissues and organs in both humans and animals.
MOAT proteins are categorized as members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily and are closely related to another family of proteins named multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP). They share similar structural features and participate in the transport of a wide range of substances, including drugs, organic anions, and endogenous compounds. This transport is powered by the hydrolysis of ATP, which generates energy for the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient.
One of the major functions of MOAT proteins is to control the movement of toxins and waste products out of cells. By doing so, they contribute to the detoxification process in the body. Additionally, MOAT proteins are involved in the transportation of various physiological compounds, including hormones, bile acids, and certain metabolites. Their activity is vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis and ensuring proper functioning of tissues and organs.
The dysregulation or dysfunction of MOAT proteins has been associated with several diseases and disorders, such as drug resistance in cancer cells, chronic liver and kidney diseases, and hereditary diseases affecting specific tissues. Understanding the function and regulation of MOAT proteins is important in the development of therapeutic strategies and drugs that target these transporters, with the aim of improving drug efficacy, overcoming drug resistance, and treating various pathological conditions.
