Mitilotoxin is a toxic compound that is naturally produced by certain marine microorganisms, particularly dinoflagellates and diatoms, commonly found in coastal waters and oyster-growing regions. It is a potent biotoxin that can accumulate in filter-feeding shellfish such as mussels, clams, and oysters, posing a significant risk to human health.
This toxin is responsible for causing a range of illnesses known as paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) when consumed by humans. Mitilotoxin has a strong affinity for nerve tissues and, when ingested, it can block the normal function of sodium channels, which are critical for transmitting electrical impulses in the nervous system. This interference leads to the disruption of normal nerve communication, resulting in paralysis and potentially fatal respiratory failure if left untreated.
Symptoms of PSP vary depending on the concentration of mitilotoxin consumed but often include tingling or numbness of the lips, tongue, and extremities, followed by muscle weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, victims may experience complete muscular paralysis, coma, and death.
Due to the potential danger posed by mitilotoxin, strict monitoring programs are in place in many countries to ensure the safety of shellfish harvests for human consumption. These programs test shellfish samples regularly, imposing strict guidelines and temporary closures of affected harvesting areas when elevated toxin levels are detected.
In summary, mitilotoxin is a powerful biotoxin produced by marine microorganisms and can cause paralytic shellfish poisoning in humans, resulting in a range of symptoms and sometimes even death.
