Milkpox is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects animals, particularly cows and goats. It is caused by the Orf virus, a member of the Parapoxvirus genus. The name "milkpox" comes from the lesions that form on the udders of infected animals, resembling small, raised pustules filled with fluid, resembling blisters, hence the name "pox." These lesions can also appear on the teats, skin around the udder, and occasionally on other body parts.
The virus enters the host's body through breaks in the skin or mucous membranes, such as scratches or insect bites, and then replicates in the local cells. This replication leads to the development of the distinctive lesions. Milkpox can be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, ingestion of contaminated milk or dairy products, or contact with contaminated surfaces.
Symptoms of milkpox include fever, loss of appetite, decreased milk production, and intense itching and discomfort around the udder area. The disease is usually self-limiting and resolves within a few weeks. However, secondary bacterial infections may occur when the lesions are scratched, causing further complications.
Prevention of milkpox primarily involves maintaining good hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing, disinfection of milking equipment and premises, and isolation of infected animals. Vaccination is available for livestock to reduce the severity and duration of the disease.
Although milkpox primarily affects animals, it is crucial to prevent its spread to minimize economic losses and protect animal welfare.
