Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by recurring and severe headaches, often accompanied by other debilitating symptoms. It is a type of headache that is typically unilateral and pulsating in nature, lasting from a few hours to several days. Migraines are usually associated with additional symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, sound, or smell, and even visual disturbances known as auras.
The exact cause of migraines is still not fully understood, but they are believed to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Migraines may be triggered by various factors including stress, hormonal changes, certain foods, lack of sleep, physical exertion, and specific medications.
The impact of migraines can be substantial, as they can significantly impair an individual's ability to carry out daily activities, work, or socialize. Migraines are classified into two main types: with or without aura. An aura is a group of symptoms that often precede the headache phase and may include transient visual, sensory, or speech disturbances.
Treatment of migraines usually involves a combination of preventive measures, lifestyle modifications, and medication. Pain relievers, triptans, and anti-nausea medications are commonly prescribed for acute attacks. Additionally, preventive medications can be used to reduce the frequency and severity of migraines in those who experience chronic or frequent episodes. Non-pharmacological approaches such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule, managing stress, avoiding triggers, and relaxation techniques may also aid in migraine management.
