MICROVILLI Meaning and
Definition
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Microvilli are tiny, finger-like projections that extend from the surface of certain cells in the body. They are specialized microscopic structures found in various organs and tissues, particularly in the lining of the small intestine and kidney tubules. These minute protrusions enhance the surface area of the cell, allowing for increased absorption and secretion functions.
Composed of actin filaments and covered by a plasma membrane, microvilli greatly increase the absorptive capacity of cells, enabling efficient nutrient absorption and waste removal. They are involved in various biological processes, such as the absorption of nutrients from food during digestion, electrolyte and water reabsorption in the kidney, and sensory reception in certain sensory cells like those found in the inner ear and nose.
With their numerous and densely packed arrangement, microvilli create a brush-like appearance on the cell surface, collectively called the brush border. This brush border aids in the breakdown and absorption of substances by increasing the contact surface area between the cell and its external environment.
Microvilli play a crucial role in facilitating efficient exchange and communication between the cell and its surrounding environment. By increasing the surface area of the cell membrane, microvilli enhance cellular function and contribute to the overall functionality of various organ systems within the human body.
Common Misspellings for MICROVILLI
Etymology of MICROVILLI
The word "microvilli" originates from the combination of two components: "micro-" and "-villi".
1. The prefix "micro-" comes from the Greek word "mikros", meaning "small" or "tiny". It is often used to indicate something on a microscopic or very small scale. This prefix is commonly used in scientific terms to refer to structures or phenomena that are extremely small.
2. The second component "-villi" is the plural form of the Latin word "villus", which means "shaggy hair" or "tuft of hair". It refers to finger-like projections found in various parts of the body, such as the small intestine.
Combining these elements, "microvilli" refers to the minute, finger-like projections found on the surface of certain cells. In the context of biology, these projections serve important functions, such as increasing the surface area for absorption or secretion.
