Pronunciation: [mˈa͡ɪkɹə͡ʊsfˌɪɡmi] (IPA) 
The correct spelling of the word "microsphygmy" is not found in any reputable dictionaries or sources. It is possible that this word was misspelled or invented. However, using IPA phonetic transcription, it can be broken down into /maɪkroʊsfɪɡmi/, which denotes a word consisting of the prefix "micro-" meaning small, and the suffix "-sphygmy" which likely derives from the Greek word "sphygmós" meaning pulse or throb.
Microsphygmy is a medical term that refers to a condition characterized by an abnormally small or underdeveloped sphincter muscle. A sphincter is a circular band of muscle fibers that surrounds an opening, allowing it to open and close as needed. The most common sphincters in the human body are the lower esophageal sphincter, which controls the flow of food from the esophagus into the stomach, and the anal sphincter, which regulates the passage of stool.
In cases of microsphygmy, the sphincter muscle fails to develop or grows at a significantly smaller size than normal. This can lead to various complications depending on the affected sphincter. For instance, if the anal sphincter is affected, it can result in difficulties with controlling bowel movements, leading to fecal incontinence. Similarly, microsphygmy of the lower esophageal sphincter may result in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and other symptoms.
Microsphygmy may be congenital, meaning it is present at birth, or acquired due to injury, infection, or certain medical conditions. Diagnosis of microsphygmy typically involves a physical examination, medical history review, and possibly imaging tests to evaluate the size and functionality of the sphincter muscle.
The treatment for microsphygmy depends on the severity and underlying cause of the condition. It can range from conservative management techniques such as lifestyle modifications, medication, and physical therapy, to surgical interventions that aim to repair or reconstruct the affected sphincter muscle.
Microsphyxia, smallness of the pulse.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
