MICRORNAS Meaning and
Definition
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that play a vital role in the regulation of gene expression. They are typically about 22 nucleotides in length and have been found to be present in various organisms, including animals, plants, and some viruses.
MiRNAs are involved in numerous cellular processes, acting as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. They function by binding to the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, which are the intermediates in the process of protein synthesis. This binding can lead to the degradation of the targeted mRNA or inhibit its translation into proteins.
The discovery of miRNAs has greatly expanded our understanding of gene regulation and its significance in controlling various biological processes. By targeting specific mRNA molecules, miRNAs can influence crucial cellular processes such as development, differentiation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). They also have implications in various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases.
MiRNAs are extensively studied due to their potential application as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. They have garnered significant interest as candidates for developing innovative treatments by modulating gene expression. Understanding the roles and mechanisms of miRNAs continues to be an active area of research, with ongoing investigations into their involvement in various biological functions and diseases.
Etymology of MICRORNAS
The word "microRNA" is a combination of two terms: "micro" and "RNA".
- Micro: The term "micro" comes from the Greek word "mikros" (μικρός), meaning "small" or "tiny". It is used as a prefix in various scientific and technical terms to denote something very small or on a microscopic scale.
- RNA: RNA stands for "ribonucleic acid", which is a molecule involved in various biological processes, including controlling gene expression. It plays a significant role in the transfer of genetic information from DNA to proteins.
Therefore, "microRNA" refers to a small form of RNA molecules, typically consisting of about 20-25 nucleotides, which have vital regulatory functions in gene expression within cells.
