Methamphetamines is a drug that is commonly known as "meth". The IPA phonetic transcription of this word is /ˌmɛθæmˈfɛtəmiːnz/. The first syllable is pronounced like "meth" and the second syllable is pronounced with the "a" as in "cat" sound, followed by "m" and "f" sounds. The third syllable is pronounced with the "e" as in "bed" sound, followed by "t" and "ə" sound. The fourth syllable is pronounced like "mee" and the final syllable is pronounced with the "nz" sound.
Methamphetamines, also commonly referred to as meth, crystal, or ice, are highly potent central nervous system stimulants. Methamphetamines belong to a class of drugs called amphetamines, which act by increasing the levels of certain chemical messengers in the brain, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, resulting in enhanced alertness, energy, and euphoria. The primary medical use of methamphetamines is for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and certain cases of narcolepsy.
However, methamphetamines are also well-known for their illicit recreational use. They are typically produced in illegal laboratories and can be found in various forms, including pills, powder, or as a clear, crystalline substance. When abused, methamphetamines are usually ingested orally, inhaled, injected, or smoked. The intense pleasurable effects associated with methamphetamines make them highly addictive and prone to substance abuse.
Continuous use of methamphetamines results in a range of physical and psychological side effects. These may include increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, reduced appetite, insomnia, hyperactivity, and increased body temperature. Methamphetamine abuse can also lead to severe dental problems, skin sores, weight loss, hallucinations, paranoia, aggression, and even psychosis.
Due to the high potential for addiction and the negative health consequences associated with its abuse, methamphetamines are categorized as a Schedule II controlled substance, meaning their use is strictly regulated and their medical use is heavily monitored.
The word "methamphetamine" originates from a combination of two components: "meth-" and "amphetamine".
The term "amphetamine" itself is derived from its chemical name, which was created by German chemist Lazăr Edeleanu in 1887. Edeleanu synthesized the compound in the search for a drug that could dilate the bronchi and relieve common cold symptoms. He created phenylisopropylamine, later named "amphetamine", by combining the prefix "phenyl" (indicating the benzene ring in the compound) with "isopropylamine" (referring to the specific chemical structure). As a result, the term "amphetamine" was coined.
The "meth-" in "methamphetamine" refers to the compound's structural similarity to amphetamine but with an additional methyl group (CH₃), known as methylation.