Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that primarily affects the mesothelial cells lining various organs in the body, most commonly the lungs, abdomen, and heart. The term "mesothelioma" comes from the word mesothelium, which refers to the thin protective layer of tissue surrounding these organs.
This malignant disease is primarily caused by prolonged exposure to asbestos fibers, a naturally occurring mineral known for its heat resistance and insulating properties. Inhaled or ingested asbestos fibers can become trapped in the mesothelial lining, leading to inflammation and abnormal cell growth, eventually developing into mesothelioma tumors.
The symptoms of mesothelioma may take decades to manifest, making diagnosis challenging and often occurring in advanced stages. Common symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, chronic cough, weight loss, abdominal pain, and swelling.
Treatment options for mesothelioma depend on the stage and location of the cancer. They typically include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted drug therapy. However, due to the aggressive nature of mesothelioma and its often late-stage diagnosis, treatment outcomes tend to be less favorable.
Prevention of mesothelioma primarily relies on avoiding exposure to asbestos. Asbestos usage is strictly regulated in many countries due to its established link to the disease. Additionally, workers in high-risk industries, such as construction, insulation, shipbuilding, and manufacturing, should take necessary precautions to minimize asbestos exposure by wearing protective clothing and adequately ventilating work areas.
