Melasma universale is a medical condition characterized by the presence of hyperpigmented patches on the skin. This condition is classified as a type of melasma, a common skin disorder that results in the development of dark or brownish patches on the face, particularly on areas exposed to the sun, such as the cheeks, forehead, upper lip, and chin. However, melasma universale differs from regular melasma in that it extends beyond the typical facial regions, affecting larger areas of the body.
The term "melasma universale" is derived from Latin roots; "melasma" translates to "dark pigment" and "universale" refers to "universal" or "widespread." Hence, this condition describes the extensive or widespread distribution of pigmented patches on the skin. The exact cause of melasma universale is not fully understood, but it has been associated with a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
Individuals with melasma universale often experience an increase in pigmentation due to the stimulation of melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin coloration. Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy or while using certain hormonal contraceptives, are known to trigger or exacerbate this condition. Excessive sun exposure, use of certain cosmetics or medications, and genetic predisposition may also contribute to the development of melasma universale.
Treatment for melasma universale generally involves a combination of approaches, including sun protection measures (such as wearing sunscreen and protective clothing), topical creams containing depigmenting agents like hydroquinone, and other treatments like chemical peels or laser therapy. However, the effectiveness of these treatments may vary, and melasma universale can be a chronic condition that might require long-term management and continued maintenance.
