Melaena, also spelled as melena, is a medical term used to describe a condition characterized by the passage of dark, tarry, and foul-smelling stools. It is often a result of bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract, specifically in the stomach or the small intestine.
The dark color and sticky consistency of melaena stools occur due to the digestion of blood as it passes through the digestive tract. This process leads to the breakdown of hemoglobin into various compounds, such as bilirubin and iron, resulting in the characteristic dark appearance. The foul odor is primarily caused by bacterial action on the blood.
Melaena is often associated with serious conditions like ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, or tumors. It can be a symptom of underlying pathologies such as peptic ulcers, diverticulosis, esophageal varices, or gastric cancer. However, it can also occur due to certain medications like iron supplements or bismuth-containing compounds.
Prompt medical attention is crucial for individuals experiencing melaena, as it may indicate severe internal bleeding. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history evaluation, physical examination, and various diagnostic procedures, such as endoscopy or imaging tests.
Treatment for melaena primarily revolves around addressing the underlying cause. In some cases, immediate measures might be necessary to control and manage the bleeding, which can involve endoscopic procedures or surgical intervention. Additionally, blood transfusions may be required to restore any blood loss. Follow-up care may involve medications and lifestyle changes to prevent further bleeding episodes.
